Z vícero důvodů nejsem spokojen se starou (přes 50 let) českou tabulkou fonetického přepisu čínštiny. Na svém webu používám k českému fonetickému přepisu tuto modernizovanou tabulku. Najdete v ní několik úprav, které jsem si při maximálním respektu k tradici české sinologie dovolil. Přídech (ch), který bych nejraději naznačoval superskriptovým ʰ, naznačuji pokud to jde kompromisně pouhým h. Koncové ng nahrazuji znakem ŋ, který taktně upozorňuje, že se ng čte krátce. Dále jsem s těžkým srdcem zavedl v 8 slabikách (ju, jun, lü, nü, qu, xu, yu a yun) alternativní náhradu ü písmenem y, jelikož umlaut na počítači zabraňuje naznačit tón. Existují samozřejmě sendvičové znaky ǖ, ǘ, ǚ, ǜ, ty jsou však hůř psatelné i čitelné než ȳ, ý, y̆, ỳ. A nenaznačovat u těchto slabik tón také není správná cesta – když třeba yu [ü] napíšeme bez tónového znaménka, tak máme úděsných 250 možných znaků, které může znamenat. Další drobná změna se týká využití souhlásek dž, ř, a b k lepšímu naznačení znění iniciál, jakož i využití tečky (ṡ, ċ, dż) k upozornění na nutnost, že se čtenář-bylinář má naučit nestandardní výslovnosti u písmen, která se v tradiční tabulce psala s pouhými háčky. Ne se vším bude asi každý souhlasit, ale kolik třešní tolik višní, je to takový překladatelský oříšek, správnou výslovnost se stejně naučíme pouze z audiotabulky zde a zde a v mužském hlasu zde.
pchin-jin | česká | anglická | |
---|---|---|---|
a | a | a | a |
ai | ai | ai | |
an | an | an | |
ang | aŋ | ang | |
ao | ao | ao | |
b | ba | pa | pa |
bai | pai | pai | |
ban | pan | pan | |
bang | paŋ | pang | |
bao | pao | pao | |
bei | pei | pei | |
ben | pen | pen | |
beng | peŋ | peng | |
bi | pi | pi | |
bian | pien | pien | |
biao | piao | piao | |
bie | pie | pieh | |
bin | bin | pin | |
binq | binq | ping | |
bo | bo | po | |
bu | bu | pu | |
c | ca | ccha | ts'a |
cai | cchai | ts'al | |
can | cchan | ts'an | |
cang | cchaŋ | ts'ang | |
cao | cchao | ts'ao | |
ce | cche | ts'e | |
cen | cchen | ts'en | |
ceng | ccheŋ | ts'eng | |
cha | ċcha | ch'a | |
chai | ċchai | ch'ai | |
chan | ċchan | ch'an | |
chang | ċchaŋ | ch'ang | |
chao | ċchao | ch'ao | |
che | ċchə | ch'e | |
chen | ċchen | ch'en | |
cheng | ċcheŋ | ch'eng | |
chi | ċch' | ch'ih | |
chong | ċchoŋ | ch'ung | |
chou | ċchou | ch'ou | |
chu | ċchu | ch'u | |
chua | ċchua | ch'ua | |
chuai | ċchuai | ch'uai | |
chuan | ċchuan | ch'uan | |
chuang | ċchuaŋ | ch'uang | |
chui | ċchuei | ch'ui | |
chun | ċchun | ch'un | |
chuo | ċchuo | ch'o | |
ci | cz' | tz'u | |
cong | cchoŋ | ts'ung | |
cou | cchou | ts'ou | |
cu | cchu | ts'u | |
cuan | cchuan | ts'uan | |
cui | cchuei | ts'ui | |
cun | cchun | ts'un | |
cuo | cchuo | ts'o | |
d | da | ta | ta |
dai | tai | tai | |
dan | tan, dan | tan | |
dang | taŋ, daŋ | tang | |
dao | tao | tao | |
de | tə, də | te | |
dei | tei | tei | |
deng | teŋ | teng | |
di | ti | ti | |
dian | tien | tien | |
diao | tiao | tiao | |
die | tie | tieh | |
ding | tiŋ | ting | |
diu | tiou | tiu | |
dong | toŋ | tung | |
dou | tou | tou | |
du | tu | tu | |
duan | tuan | tuan | |
dui | tuej | tui | |
dun | tun | tun | |
duo | tuo | tuo | |
e | e | e | e |
en | en | en | |
er | er | erh | |
f | fa | fa | fa |
fan | fan | fan | |
fang | faŋ | fang | |
fei | fej | fei | |
fen | fen | fen | |
feng | foŋ | feng | |
fo | fuo | fo | |
fou | fou | fou | |
fu | fu | fu | |
g | ga | ka | ka |
gai | kai | kai | |
gan | kan, gan | kan | |
gang | kaŋ, gaŋ | kang | |
gao | kao | kao | |
ge | kə | ke | |
gei | kei | kei | |
gen | ken | ken | |
geng | keŋ | keng | |
gong | koŋ | kung | |
gou | kou | kou | |
gu | ku | ku | |
gua | kua | kua | |
guai | kuai | kuai | |
guan | kuan | kuan | |
guang | kuaŋ | kuang | |
gui | kuei | kuei | |
gun | kun | kun | |
guo | kuo | kuo | |
h | ha | ha | ha |
hai | hai | hai | |
han | han | han | |
hang | haŋ | hang | |
hao | hao | hao | |
he | hə | he | |
hei | chei | hei | |
hen | hen | hen | |
heng | heŋ | heng | |
hong | hoŋ | hung | |
hou | hou | hou | |
hu | hu | hu | |
hua | hua | hua | |
huai | chuai | huai | |
huan | chuan | huan | |
huang | chuaŋ | huang | |
hui | chuei | hui | |
hun | chun | hun | |
huo | chuo | huo | |
j | ji | ťi | chi |
jia | ťia | chia | |
jian | ťien | chien | |
jiang | ťiaŋ | chiang | |
jiao | ťiao | chiao | |
jie | ťie | chieh | |
jin | ťin | chin | |
jing | ťiŋ | ching | |
jiong | ťioŋ | chiung | |
jiu | ďiou | chiu | |
ju | džü, džy (y=ü) | chü | |
juan | džüen | chüan | |
jue | džüe | chüeh | |
jun | džün, džyn (y=ü) | chün | |
k | ka | kha | k'a |
kai | khaj | k'ai | |
kan | khan | k'an | |
kang | khang | k'ang | |
kao | khao | k'ao | |
ke | khə | k'e | |
ken | khen | k'en | |
keng | kheŋ | k'eng | |
kong | khoŋ | k'ung | |
kou | khou | k'ou | |
ku | khu | k'u | |
kua | khua | k'ua | |
kuai | khuai | k'uai | |
kuan | khuan | k'uan | |
kuang | khuaŋ | k'uang | |
kui | khuei | k'uei | |
kun | khun | k'un | |
kuo | khuo | k'uo | |
l | la | la | la |
lai | lai | lai | |
lan | lan | lan | |
lang | laŋ | lang | |
lao | lao | lao | |
le | lə | le | |
lei | lei | lei | |
leng | leŋ | leng | |
li | li | li | |
lia | lia | lia | |
lian | lien | lien | |
liang | liaŋ | liang | |
liao | liao | liao | |
lie | lie | lieh | |
lin | lin | lin | |
ling | liŋ | ling | |
liu | liou | liu | |
long | loŋ | lung | |
lou | lou | lou | |
lu | lu | lu | |
lü | lü, ly (y=ü) | lü | |
luan | luan | luan | |
lüan | lüan | lüan | |
lüe | lüe | lüeh | |
lun | lun | lun | |
luo | luo | lo | |
m | ma | ma | ma |
mai | mai | mai | |
man | man | man | |
mang | maŋ | mang | |
mao | mao | mao | |
mei | mei | mei | |
men | men | men | |
meng | meŋ | meng | |
mi | mi | mi | |
mian | mien | mien | |
miao | miao | miao | |
mie | mie | mieh | |
min | min | min | |
ming | miŋ | ming | |
miu | miou | miu | |
mo | mo | mo | |
mou | mou | mou | |
mu | mu | mu | |
n | na | na | na |
nai | nai | nai | |
nan | nan | nan | |
nang | naŋ | nang | |
nao | nao | nao | |
ne | nə | ne | |
nei | nei | nei | |
nen | nen | nen | |
neng | neŋ | neng | |
ni | ni | ni | |
nian | nien | nien | |
niang | niaŋ | niang | |
niao | niao | niao | |
nie | nie | nieh | |
nin | nin | nin | |
ning | niŋ | ning | |
niu | niou | niu | |
nong | noŋ | nung | |
nou | nou | nou | |
nu | nu | nu | |
nü | nü, ny (y=ü) | nü | |
nuan | nuan | nuan | |
nüe | nüe | nüeh | |
nuo | nuo | no | |
o | ou | ou | ou |
p | pa | pha | p'a |
pai | phai | p'ai | |
pan | phan | p'an | |
pang | phaŋ | p'ang | |
pao | phao | p'ao | |
pei | phei | p'ei | |
pen | phen | p'en | |
peng | pheŋ | p'eng | |
pi | phi | p'i | |
pian | phien | p'ien | |
piao | pchiao | p'iao | |
pie | phie | p'ieh | |
pin | phin | p'in | |
ping | phiŋ | p'ing | |
po | pho | p'o | |
pou | phou | p'ou | |
pu | phu | p'u | |
q | qi | čchi | ch'i |
qia | čchia | ch'ia | |
qian | čchien | ch'ien | |
qiang | čchiaŋ | ch'iang | |
qiao | čchiao | ch'iao | |
qie | čchie | ch'ieh | |
qin | čchin | ch'in | |
qing | čchiŋ | ch'ing | |
qiong | čchioŋ | ch'iung | |
qiu | čchiou | ch'iu | |
qu | čchü, čchy (y=ü) | ch'ü | |
quan | čchüan | ch'üan | |
que | čchüe | ch'üeh | |
qun | čchün | ch'ün | |
r | ran | řan | jan |
rang | řaŋ | jang | |
rao | řao | jao | |
re | řə | je | |
ren | řen | jen | |
reng | řeŋ | jeng | |
ri | ř' | jih | |
rong | řoŋ | jung | |
rou | řou | jou | |
ru | řu | ju | |
ruan | řuan | juan | |
rui | řuei | jui | |
run | řun | jun | |
ruo | řuo | juo | |
s | sa | sa | sa |
sai | sai | sai | |
san | san | san | |
sang | saŋ | sang | |
sao | sao | sao | |
se | sə | se | |
sen | sen | sen | |
seng | seŋ | seng | |
sha | ša | sha | |
shai | šai | shai | |
shan | šan | shan | |
shang | šaŋ | shang | |
shao | šao | shao | |
she | šə | she | |
shei | šei | shei | |
shen | šen | shen | |
sheng | šeŋ | sheng | |
shi | š' | shih | |
shou | šou | shou | |
shu | šu | shu | |
shua | šua | shua | |
shuai | šuai | shuai | |
shuan | šuan | shuan | |
shuang | šuaŋ | shuang | |
shui | šuei | shui | |
shun | šun | shun | |
shuo | šuo | shuo | |
si | s' | szu | |
song | soŋ | sung | |
sou | sou | sou | |
su | su | su | |
suan | suan | suan | |
sui | suei | sui | |
sun | sun | sun | |
suo | suo | so | |
t | ta | tha | t'a |
tai | thai | t'ai | |
tan | than | t'an | |
tang | thaŋ | t'ang | |
tao | thao | t'ao | |
te | thə | t'e | |
teng | theŋ | t'eng | |
ti | thi | t'i | |
tian | thien | t'ien | |
tiao | thiao | t'iao | |
tie | thie | t'ieh | |
ting | thiŋ | t'ing | |
tong | thoŋ | t'ung | |
tou | thou | t'ou | |
tu | thu | t'u | |
tuan | thuan | t'uan | |
tui | thuej | t'ui | |
tun | thun | t'un | |
tuo | thuo | t'o | |
w | wa | wa | wa |
wai | wai | wai | |
wan | wan | wan | |
wang | waŋ | wang | |
wei | wei | wei | |
wen | wen | wen | |
weng | weŋ | weng | |
wo | wo | wo | |
wu | wu | wu | |
x | xi | ṡi | hsi |
xia | ṡia | hsia | |
xian | ṡien | hsien | |
xiang | ṡiaŋ | hsiang | |
xiao | ṡiao | hsiao | |
xie | ṡie | hsieh | |
xin | ṡin | hsin | |
ṡiŋ | hsing | ||
xiong | ṡioŋ | hsiung | |
xiu | ṡiou | hsiu | |
xu | ṡü, ṡy (y=ü) | hsü | |
xuan | ṡüan | hsüan | |
xue | ṡüe | hsüeh | |
xun | ṡün | hsün | |
y | ya | ja | ya |
yai | jai | yai | |
yan | jen | yen | |
yang | jaŋ | yang | |
yao | jao | yao | |
ye | je | yeh | |
yi | i | i | |
yin | jin, in | yin | |
ying | jiŋ | ying | |
yong | joŋ | yung | |
you | jou | yu | |
yu | ü, y (y=ü) | yü | |
yuan | jüen | yüan | |
yue | jüe | yüeh | |
yun | ün, yn (y=ü) | yün | |
z | za | ca | tsa |
zai | cai | tsai | |
zan | can | tsan | |
zang | caŋ | tsang | |
zao | cao | tsao | |
ze | cə | tse | |
zei | cei | tsei | |
zen | cen | tsen | |
zeng | ceŋ | tseng | |
zha | dża | cha | |
zhai | dżai | chai | |
zhan | dżan | chan | |
zhang | dżaŋ | chang | |
zhao | dżao | chao | |
zhe | dżə | che | |
zhen | dżen | chen | |
zheng | dżeŋ | cheng | |
zhi | dż' | chih | |
zhong | dżoŋ | chung | |
zhou | dżou | chou | |
zhu | dżu | chu | |
zhua | dżua | chua | |
zhuai | dżuai | chuai | |
zhuan | dżuan | chuan | |
zhuang | dżuaŋ | chuang | |
zhui | dżuei | chui | |
zhun | dżun | chun | |
zhuo | dżuo | cho | |
zi | dz' | tzu | |
zong | coŋ | tsung | |
zou | cou | tsou | |
zu | cu | tsu | |
zuan | cuan | tsuan | |
zui | cuei | tsui | |
zun | cun | tsun | |
zuo | cuo | tso |